Technology And Education Essay Example For Students

Technology And Education Essay Technology: A Tool For Education More and more each day technology infiltrates deeper into our daily lives and routines. In fact, it has become such an integral part of society, that mass hysteria and panic would undoubtedly ensue should it suddenly be taken away. To allow technology to take control would surely lead to a disintegration of society. Today, most classrooms are connected to the Internet or at the very least contain computers to help educate the nations children. Technology, although useful, is only a tool and must be used wisely in regards to the education of todays youths. Technology holds the promise of delivering vast amounts of information in a very short time. The Internet alone contains a plethora of information for anyone who has the desire and ability to use it. With just a click of a button a person can surf the web finding information ranging from aardvark to zygote. The speed in which information flashes across the screen can be dizzying. Although general information is readily accessible, obtaining specific data can be frustratingly difficult. Just the other day, I was on-line searching for information regarding to peritonitis. We will write a custom essay on Technology And Education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As is typical, I logged onto a search site and typed in the subject I wanted. The search found and displayed about a dozen sites related to peritonitis. However, it also displayed more than three or four dozen sites on topics ranging from colon cancer to feline leukemia. I cant figure out just what relation feline leukemia has with peritonitis. As far as I can tell, theyre like apples to oranges. Too often these searches seem to take the user to sites that only contain links to other sites, with links to yet other sites, and so on. It took me nearly an hour to find specific information providing detailed signs and symptoms of peritonitis. I never could find anything regarding actual treatment procedures for the disease. Maybe I should have taken a five minute drive to the library and looked in an antiquated encyclopedia it would have been faster and easier. Dont get me wrong, Im not saying that technology is a bad thing, but there are negatives to every positive. Technology does offer an array of options, including those for educational purposes. Many college students are now able to take courses via television, cable, and the Internet only attending classes on campus for taking exams. Although this form of education provides more scheduling flexibility, it deprives the student of being able to contact their professor readily. While in an on-campus class, if a student has a question on the material being studied, they can simply ask their instructor for clarification and receive an immediate response. Contrarily, by taking a television or Internet course, the student would have to e-mail the professor and wait up to several days to receive a reply. School is not just a forum to learn facts and theories. One of the principal functions of school is to teach children how to behave in groups (Postman). In other words, by attending school children learn how to interact with others in a positive and constructive way. By allowing technology to take over the education of our children we deny them the feeling of being included as a member of society. For without social interaction, society itself no longer exists. At one time, many years ago, dialing 0 on the telephone connected them to a living, breathing person on the other end. Several years later technology took over and one had to navigate through a myriad of computerized menus for information, bringing forth complaint after complaint from customers. Currently, various phone companies advertise how one can now dial 0 and get a living, breathing person on the other end. Although technology can provide a nearly endless supply of information, it cannot provide the tools necessary for understanding. .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 , .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .postImageUrl , .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 , .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25:hover , .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25:visited , .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25:active { border:0!important; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25:active , .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25 .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub987204d65595f92320a78ba9f99fa25:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander the Great Essay A computer can simply display facts, insight can only be learned through interaction with others. If a child cannot comprehend a concept, a computer will not be able to re-explain things in a fashion the child understands; it can only repeat the data. Only through personal interaction with another person can information be modified into a context the child can understand and appreciate. Knowledge, certainly in the humanities, is not a straightforward matter of access, of conquest via the ingestion of data (Birkerts). Children today often know how to operate a computer better than their parents. Educational software, designed to captivate .

A Smorgasbord of Food Terms Meaning Mixture

A Smorgasbord of Food Terms Meaning Mixture A Smorgasbord of Food Terms Meaning Mixture A Smorgasbord of Food Terms Meaning Mixture By Mark Nichol A number of words referring to an assortment of food in one dish or display of dishes also allude to a mixture (often a confused one); here are those terms and their meanings and origins. A figurative alphabet soup, by analogy to the soup featuring pieces of pasta shaped like letters of the alphabet, is a series of initials, often appearing as a string of groups of letters after a person’s name indicating degrees or honors or as a list of acronyms and initialisms that refer to agencies or organizations. Speaking of pasta, several hundred years ago, pasticcio (from the Italian word pasta, meaning â€Å"paste†), an Italian term for a macaroni dish, was adopted into English to refer to a mixture (it was never used in the food sense), but it was later supplanted by the French translation pastiche. Meanwhile, far, the Latin word for the grain we call spelt (and the root of farina, the term for a meal used to make hot cereal) is the origin of the Latin term farrago, meaning â€Å"cattle feed† but also acquired by English only in the extended sense of â€Å"a mixture.† Gumbo, probably ultimately derived from a word in an African language for â€Å"runaway slave,† refers to a type of soup or dish made of multiple ingredients, often thickened with or including okra. (The term also refers to a type of silty soil or mud, or to a mixture in general.) Jambalaya, by contrast, is a spicy rice dish with one or more types of meats and vegetables; the French Provenà §al dialect term jambalaia, from which it is derived, means â€Å"mix-up.† In its original sense in Swedish, smorgasbord literally means â€Å"open-sandwich table,† but in English it refers broadly to a self-service buffet spread. Macà ©doine (from the French word for the culturally diverse southern European region of Macedonia) is a mixture of fruits or vegetables served in a variety of ways, including a salad. Salmagundi, an alteration of the French word salmigondis, meaning â€Å"hodgepodge,† is a salad plate of arranged vegetables as well as meat, fish, and eggs. Salad (the word is ultimately derived from the Latin term sal, meaning â€Å"salt†) can itself refer to a mixture of disparate elements. Hash, stemming from the French verb hacher, meaning â€Å"chop,† is a dish made of chopped meat and potatoes often served as leftovers, hence the additional sense of â€Å"a restatement of something already known.† (The word also appears in â€Å"hash brown potatoes†- alternatively called â€Å"hash browns†- a description alluding to the chopped-up form of the potatoes.) In addition, hash refers in general to a figurative or literal mess, and as a verb it means â€Å"chop,† â€Å"confuse,† or â€Å"review† or â€Å"talk about.† The expressions â€Å"hash (it) out† and â€Å"hash (it) over† refer to discussing something or solving a problem, and to make a hash of something is to ruin it or do a poor job. Hash is also an alternative term for the pound sign, also called the number symbol; the word refers to the lines in the symbol, which resemble chopping marks. The term has become popular thanks to its widespread use in tweets, or messages sent using the social-networking service Twitter; the symbol, due to its use as a marker in tweets, is also called a hashtag. (Hash as a short form of hashish is unrelated; the latter is an Arabic term referring to resin collected from hemp for use as a drug.) â€Å"Olla podrida† and potpourri, from Spanish and French respectively, both literally mean â€Å"rotten pot,† though they consist of savory ingredients; the former is the name of a Spanish or Latin American stew usually featuring sausage and chickpeas, and the latter refers to a mixture of flowers, herbs, and spices collected to provide a pleasant scent. Stew itself refers to an assortment of chunks of food cooked in a hot liquid, though it can also mean â€Å"a hot bath† (the Middle English term stewe means â€Å"a heated room for a steam bath†) as well as â€Å"a state of congestion or heat or of confusion, excitement, or worry.† (It is also outdated slang for brothel or, in plural form, an obsolete reference to a red-light district.) Three other words for stew derive from forms of French: hotchpotch (from the Anglo-French term meaning â€Å"to shake† combined with pot), which was altered to hodgepodge; ragout, which comes from the French verb ragoà »ter, meaning â€Å"to revive the taste† (the second syllable is related to gusto, meaning â€Å"taste† or â€Å"enthusiasm,† and gustatory, meaning â€Å"relating to taste or tasting†); and gallimaufry, from galimafree, a Middle French term for stew. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?How to spell "in lieu of"5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Scientists Complete the Periodic Table

Scientists Complete the Periodic Table   The periodic table as we know it is now complete! The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has announced verification of the only elements left elements 113, 115, 117, and 118. These elements complete the 7th and final row of the periodic table of elements. Of course, if elements with higher atomic numbers are discovered, then an additional row will be added to the table. Details on the Discoveries of the Last Four Elements The fourth IUPAC/IUPAP Joint Working Party (JWP) reviewed literature to determine claims for verification of these last few elements have fulfilled all the criteria necessary to officially discover the elements. What this means is the discovery of the elements has been replicated and demonstrated to the satisfaction of scientists according to the 1991 discovery criteria decided by the IUPAP/IUPAC Transfermium Working Group (TWG). The discoveries are credited to Japan, Russia, and the USA. These groups will be allowed to propose the names and symbols for the elements, which will need to be approved before the elements take their place on the periodic table. Element 113 Discovery Element 113 has the temporary working name ununtrium, with symbol Uut. The RIKEN team in Japan has been credited with discovering this element. Many people hope Japan will choose a name like japonium for this element, with symbol J or Jp, since J is the one letter presently absent from the periodic table. Elements 115, 117, and 118 Discovery Elements 115 (ununpentium, Uup) and 117 (ununseptium, Uus) were discovered by a collaboration between Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, TN, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. Researchers from these groups will propose new names and symbols for these elements. Element 118 (ununoctium, Uuo) discovery is credited  to a collaboration between the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. This group has discovered several elements, so theyre sure to have a challenge ahead of them coming up with new names and symbols. Why Its So Hard To Discover New Elements While scientists may be able to make new elements, its difficult to prove the discovery because these superheavy nuclei decay into lighter elements instantaneously. Proof of the elements requires demonstration that the set of daughter nuclei that are observed can be unequivocally attributed to the heavy, new element. It would be much simpler if it was possible to directly detect and measure the new element, but this hasnt been possible. How Long Until We See New Names? Once the researchers propose new names, the Inorganic Chemistry Division of the IUPAC will check them to make sure they dont translate into something funky in other language or have some prior historic use that would make them unsuitable for an element name. A new element may be named for a place, country, scientist, property, or mythological reference. The symbol needs to be one or two letters. After the Inorganic Chemistry Division checks the elements and symbols, they are presented for public review for five months. Most people start using the new element names and symbols at this point, but they dont become official until the IUPAC Council formally approves them. At this point, the IUPAC will change their periodic table (and others will follow suit).

Achilles Will Return After These Messages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Achilles Will Return After These Messages - Essay Example There are three traditional levels of conflict in fiction: man against the world, man against man, and man against himself. The distinguishing characteristic of soap opera is that it takes place entirely on the second level. A soap opera character may have a job or a role in society, or inner conflict, but the most important thing about them will always be their relationships with other people. A soap character might be introduced via an external event, such as a murder or a corporate merger, but they will be defined entirely by their friends, lovers, enemies, grudges, and so on. Soap operas subordinate all other concerns to personalities and interpersonal conflict. To take a recent example (SoapCentral.com) from popular daytime soap Guiding Light: â€Å"Desperate to redeem himself as a father, Alan convinced Phillip to undergo the bone marrow transplant with Alan as the donor.† The phrasing is key: this isn’t a medical drama or even about saving a life, it’s about Alan trying to redeem himself. In soap opera, the character felt it personally necessary, and no other considerations need enter. Achilles’ behavior through much of the Iliad, that is to say hiding in his tent doing nothing, is often described as that of a sulky adolescent ignoring his responsibilities out of pique. While that reading isn’t far off base, another angle would be to point out that his behavior is that of a soap opera character. Is he tired of the war, or does he have some larger problem? No, he has simply been personally affronted by Agamemnon over t he matter of Briseis, and so refuses to fight. â€Å"Truly the son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon has dishonoured me: for he has taken and keeps my prize through his own arrogant act.† (Book 1, line 355) His feelings are of paramount importance, and the war can go hang. Indeed, within the context of a soap opera, the war is irrelevant. The questions of offense and personal honor are where the story lies. Of course, Achilles does return to the war in time, but why he does so is just as telling. He does not rally heroically just as the Trojans are about to overrun the Achaean positions, as would happen in a war story. He does not come to the realization that some things are more important than his hurt feelings, as might happen in the story of a personal journey. Rather, he charges back into battle when the Trojans have the temerity to kill his lover, Patroclus. To put it another way, he left the war because the Achaeans hurt his feelings, and reentered it because the Trojans hurt his feelings even worse. â€Å"†¦neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius.† (Book 18, line 90) If this is not soap opera characterization, it is difficult to say what else it might be. The Iliad is often described as one of the founding documents of Western literature. It is certainly one of the earliest stories to have come down to us roughly intact, and its influence on other works is incalculable. To point out that it is, effectively, a soap opera is not to somehow demean the Iliad, but rather to ennoble the concept of a soap opera. I find it hard, today, to read the Iliad and not think at

Marketing and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing and technology - Essay Example The essence of technology in marketing is widely conveyed in terms of commerce and information sharing by way of advertising via the internet and other electronically operated means of promoting goods and commodities. In the presence of special software, online tools, and applications rendered possible by technology, marketing sites can be established to possess captivating themes in order to attract leads or buyers for whom a particular commodity or service is intended to be sold. Through the technology-enhanced worldwide web, social networking can impact persuasion of people to acknowledge or believe in an idea that leads to fruitful interactions. Eventually, the growth in relations with prospects which a business individual or group manages by mere socialization over the net would imply increase in revenues, in the level of productivity, and thereby in the yield of optimum profits. Of course, this normally accounts for an ideal assumption that undesirable factors like fraud and is sues on identity theft occur in rare frequency. Thus, because most people especially consumers prefer to negotiate online to save them some time and costs of travel, it is natural for business parties to put up their online stores via acquisition of paid domains and hosting. Internet is such an avenue with which several opportunities are realized and this concept of e-commerce can be perceived to extend its influence to almost every nature and form of business in a society. Based on the positive consequences of technology through the internet upon businesses in general, if handled properly beyond illegalities or corrupt intentions, online endeavor may sustain the U.S. economy at a desired rate. According to a bubble map study, however, the economic impact of the web, with particular reference to the use of Google, is not quite significant on the ‘services sector’ compared to the separate contributions of industries like Media and Telecommunications. Likewise, the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œretail sector’ of the U.S. is found not to obtain appreciable shares from the internet though the ‘manufacturing sector’ acquires favorable returns, on the contrary. In the assessment, surprisingly, manufacturing establishments possess the capacity of enabling good economy with their online endeavor as they undergo systematic yet effective approach of developing the e-manufacturing aspect of the business to support the economy by enhancing productivity and reducing costs. Moreover, marketing professionals are able to take advantage of technology by gaining the potential to conduct several modes of formal or informal product presentation using MS PowerPoint, MS Excel, phone app projection, and video conference among others. Because technological advancements have been capable of transforming device characteristics from analog to digital functions, from broadcasting to narrowcasting, and from stand-alone TV to internet-supported TV, there exist flexible options fo r marketing individuals to expand market and scheme toward optimal outcomes with consumers. It is normally convenient to work with technology-driven marketing for technology provides not only ease in executing tasks for marketers in various areas, it naturally captures the interest of the public due to upgraded resources and

Theories of attribution bias Essay Example for Free

Theories of attribution bias Essay Attribution theory is concerned with how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behaviour. Heider (1958) was the first to propose a psychological theory of attribution, but Weiner and colleagues (e.g., Jones et al, 1972; Weiner, 1974, 1986) developed a theoretical framework that has become a major research paradigm of social psychology Fundamental attribution error The fundamental attribution error focuses generally on how people explain how and why things happen in a social setting. There is a strong tendency for people to explain their own behavior as a function of external situations, but attribute the behavior of others to internal factors. The fundamental attribution error explains why people often blame other people for things over which they usually have no control. The term blaming the victim is often used by social psychologists to describe a phenomenon in which people blame innocent victims of crimes for their misfortune. The actor-observer bias tends to be more pronounced in situations where the outcomes are negative.For example, someone might say they did poorly on an exam because it was very difficult or unfair. But when explaining anothers behavior, they would be more likely to attribute something internal, like not studying enough. Actor observer effect The actor-observer bias is a term in social psychology that refers to a tendency to attribute ones own actions to external causes, while attributing other peoples behaviors to internal causes. Essentially, people tend to make different attributions depending upon whether they are the actor or the observer in a situation. 3.1 Self-monitoring in social encounters- Snyder 87-95 3.1 self-disclosure in social encounters- wiemann Giles/Jourard71 3.1 self-presentation in social encounters- duck 88 influence people in positive way

KAKA E :: essays research papers

Barker White MC-400 WED Privacy: Chapters 7 & 8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is privacy? What makes our lives private? Privacy is a law today that has not been known for very long. The idea of privacy that everyone has running through their minds is just to be left alone. In reality what constitutes the crossing of the privacy line. It wasn’t until 1890 when two men wrote in the Harvard Law Review about the â€Å"The Right to Privacy.? The two men were Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis, the two were young lawyers who had the sense to right papers on what they thought were Americans rights to privacy. After their ideas were published they attempted to pass their knowledge on to the court systems asking to make laws that would follow their papers. Most court systems did not accept there law until 13 years later when the state of New York passed the first privacy law. The law prohibited the commercial exploitation of an individual (Pember 240).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The privacy law that the state of New York adapted well and began spreading to many states but not vert fast, it took roughly 90 years to get the law spread. Mainly because the most of the courts used the Bill of Rights as a persons?privacy protection. To this day there are states that still do not have individual privacy rights. As our government more clearly defines our privacy rights then more states will join in on adopting the rights to their laws. Within the past couple years the government has developed for different torts that would accuse somebody in invasion of privacy. The torts are listed as following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Appropriation of name or likeness for trade purposes (Pember 241)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Intrusion upon an individual’s solitude (Pember 241)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Publication of private information about an individual (Pember 241)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. Publishing material that puts an individual in a false light (Pember 241) From the time that these torts were declared as the rights to privacy the law became much more complicated than before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first form of invasion of privacy is appropriation and the book defines it as taking a person’s name, picture, photograph, or likeness and using it for a commercial gain without permission (Pember 241). In laymen terms a person cannot impersonate another without the permission of the person being impersonated. This tort is the biggest of the four when it comes invasion of privacy. Of all the torts, appropriation is the oldest and the most comprehensible until more has been added on. An obvious case to relate how the basic form of appropriation works it

English First Additional Paper 1

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE P1 EXEMPLAR 2007 MARKS: 75 TIME: 2 hours This question paper consists of 11 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 2 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of THREE sections, namely SECTION A, SECTION B and SECTION C. †¢ †¢ †¢ 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. SECTION A: Comprehension (30 marks) SECTION B: Summary (10 marks) SECTION C: Language in context (35 marks) Answer ALL the questions. Start each section on a NEW page and rule off across the page on completion of EACH section.Leave a line after EACH answer. Write neatly and legibly. Follow the instructions carefully. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Pay special attention to spelling and sentence construction. Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 3 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 SECTION A: COMPREHENSION QUESTION 1 Read the following passage and answer the questions. In the case of multiple-choice questions, write down only the question number and the letter corresponding with the answer. 1.Now 54, Sabina Khoza started her working life as a salesperson. Then the company she was working for shut down and sold their delivery vans to staff members. ‘I managed to buy eight of the kombis,' says Sabina. That was the start of her taxi fleet – which eventually grew to 17 vehicles. But crime forced her to 5 abandon her budding taxi business. In fact, sick of the hijackings and violence, Sabina decided she needed a break from township life altogether. And she didn’t have to go far! A farm was for sale in Zuurbekom, on the outskirts of Soweto. ‘It was strange,' she recalls. I’d just moved from Mofolo in Soweto 10 and started off-loading my furniture when a group of people came to help. ‘Once the work had been done, they disappeared without as much as asking for a cent. This surprised me. Township people do not do any work without being paid. ‘On the fourth day I saw these people again. I asked where they were staying. It turned out they were living on my farm. When they realised I was the 15 new owner, they begged me not to evict them. ‘ Sabina was sympathetic to their predicament, and realised she’d have to find a way to make the best of the situation.The opportunity came when her tenants approached her about breeding chickens. ‘I had never come close to a live chicken in my life,' laughs Sabina. ‘As a matter 20 of fact, I was rather afraid of chickens. ‘ Still, she bought 10 chickens and a feeder – and waited for the eggs to come. And waited. And waited. ‘Then one day a visitor told us we were actually rearing cocks without hens,' laughs Sabina. This setback didn’t discourage her, though. Soon she had her hens and had also received training in how to raise chi ckens. I remembered 25 that when I stayed in Soweto, I could only get chickens in Kliptown,' she says. ‘So I went and spoke to people in the area. Then one of my tenants went there to sell the birds. We’d spent R11,20 on each chicken and sold them at R20 each. In less than a week, we’d sold our birds. ‘ ‘Since then, we’ve been getting chicks regularly from a supplier and we’re 30 currently producing 150 000 birds a year. We also supply supermarkets with vegetables. ‘ 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 4 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 10.Khoza’s successful farming venture incorporates the latest technology and farming methods, and additional community projects include vegetable and maize production, as well as a guest house, which accommodates trainee 35 farmers. ‘I train members of the community and offer them opportunities as partners, not just as employees,' says S abina, who has won numerous awards, including the Department of Agriculture’s Female Farmer of the Year in 2003 and the 2004 Shoprite Checkers Woman of the Year Award. 40 ‘During the festive season, when people go on holiday, I stay at home and make money from all the Christmas bonuses people have been paid.And when all the holidaymakers have returned home, I take leave and book myself into a luxurious hotel, glad to have missed the peak season,' laughs Sabina. [Adapted from Bona Magazine] 11. 12. QUESTIONS 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 Why did Sabina not continue working as a salesperson? Quote a phrase of not more than six words which tells you why Sabina had left the township. Refer to paragraph 2. Three of the following are likely kinds of ‘crime' in this context. Which ONE is the exception? A B C D 1. 4 Hijacking Passengers robbed at gunpoint Cash in transit heists Intimidation from rival fleet owners (2) (1) 2) The word ‘budding' (paragraph 2) implies that her taxi b usiness at this time †¦ A B C D was in the early stages of development. seemed headed for success. seemed headed for collapse. Both A and B (2) 1. 5 When Sabina said, ‘It was strange' (paragraph 3), she meant that it was strange that †¦ A B C D she didn't have to go far. the place was called Zuurbekom (instead of, say, Soetbekom). you could buy a farm so close to Soweto. the people who helped her didn't ask for any money. (2) 1. 6 What difference did Sabina observe between township people and the people on the farm?Quote a suitable sentence from paragraph 4 to support your answer. (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 5 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 1. 7 The ‘predicament' referred to in paragraph 5, is most probably that the tenants †¦ A B C D were prepared to help off-load furniture without expecting to be paid for it. had been unaware that Sabina was the new owner. had nowhere to go if Sabina evicted them. were all unemploy ed. (2) (3) 1. 8 1. 9 Explain in your own words why Sabina's first attempt at breeding chickens was unsuccessful.Explain the meaning of the following expression as used in line 6 of the passage: ‘†¦ abandon her budding taxi business' (2) (3) (2) (4) (2) 30 1. 10 1. 11 1. 12 1. 13 Suggest TWO reasons that Shoprite Checkers probably had for naming Sabina their 2004 Woman of the Year. (1? + 1? ) What aspects of Sabina's story are surprising, considering that she is a woman? Describe any TWO incidents from this passage which show you that Sabina does not give up easily. In NOT more than 7 words, provide a title for this article which draws attention to Sabina's achievements. TOTAL SECTION A:Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 6 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 SECTION B: SUMMARY QUESTION 2 Imagine that you are preparing an essay on ‘Dieting and Eating Disorders'. Read the article below and extract SEVEN important points to include in your essay . INSTRUCTIONS: 1. 2. 3. 4. Write your points in full sentences using NOT more thant 70 words. Number your sentences from 1 to 7 and write only ONE fact per line. Write in correct sentences and use your own words as far as possible. Indicate the number of words you have used in brackets at the end of your summary.Note that you will be penalised if you ignore these instructions. There is a constant deadly battle between what teenagers want to look like and what they will do to get there. Teenagers fear that the weight that they’ve gained during puberty and teenage years is permanent. They panic and desperately try to lose it. Once they start losing weight, people might compliment them, which makes them feel good. They may start to believe that losing weight will make them happier, but no matter how much weight is lost, it is never enough, and they are never happy.Teenagers spend a lot of time worrying about what others think and they desperately try to conform to societyâ€⠄¢s unattainable ‘ideal' body image. They are lead to believe that if they are thin, they will be accepted. Many of them are constantly exposed to images of thin models appearing on television and in magazines. This only reinforces their belief that in order to be happy, successful and accepted, they must be thin. These factors lead to many teenagers going overboard with dieting, which can then result in eating disorders. Dieting is about losing weight gradually in a healthy way.Eating disorders are about trying to make your whole life better through eating or not eating food. Sufferers seek approval and acceptance from others and believe life won’t be good until a bit (or a lot) of weight is lost, without any concern for the damage done to their bodies. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two common eating disorders. Anorexia is when someone experiences a significant weight loss resulting from excessive dieting. Anorexics consider themselves to be fat, no matter w hat their actual weight is. Often they don’t realise that they are underweight.They avoid food and taking in calories at all costs, which can result in death. Bulimia is characterised by a cycle of over-eating and vomiting. A sure sign is regular bathroom visits after eating so as to induce vomiting. [Adapted from: Teen Zone] TOTAL SECTION B: 10 Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 7 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 SECTION C: LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT QUESTION 3: VISUAL LITERACY 3. 1 ANALYSING A CARTOON Study the following cartoon and answer the questions that follow: Frame 1 3. 1. 1 3. 1. 2 3. 1. 3 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 (1) (2)Where does the conversation between the two women in the cartoon take place? Why are certain words (perfect, lose, gain and hate) in bold print? Refer to Frame 1. Describe the speaker's facial expression, stating what it reveals about her feelings. (2) (2) 3. 1. 4 Refer to frame 4. Explain why the speaker says ‘I HATE HER! à ¢â‚¬Ëœ Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 8 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 3. 2 ANALYSING AN ADVERTISEMENT Study the advertisement below and answer the questions. Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 9 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 3. 2. 1 3. . 2 3. 2. 3 3. 2. 4 State TWO ways in which the advertiser attempts to attract the readers’ attention. Explain why the advertiser has used the word ‘overnight' in the headline. Do the dots below the word ‘overnight' serve any purpose? Give a reason for your answer. Do you consider the name of the product, Clean & Clear, appropriate? Give a reason for your answer. (2) (2) (2) (2) [15] QUESTION 4: LANGUAGE AND EDITING SKILLS The article which follows, contains a number of deliberate errors in grammar and punctuation, as well as words within brackets which indicate the writer's uncertainty about which word to use.Read it carefully and answer the following questions: DOME à ¢â‚¬â€œ THE DK PATRIOT 1. Inspired by TKZEE, Dome (has started/started) his music career in Grade Ten as the production half of kwaito group, Rossmoda. The crew soon dissolved and he formed a new one known as Scrybe. He continued doing music as a hobby until he, at The National School Of The Arts, met up with former Skwatta Kamp member, Master Sip, widely known as Ngwenya, 5 as well as a huge community of hip hop artists. ‘(Here's/Heres) were I cut my teeth,' Dome says, ‘because the level of competition was so high. Dome started making tracks at the old Skwatta Kamp studio in Leondale. He simply (couldn't/can't) aford the rates and got hold of a sampler that had belonged to Jo'burg beat legend, Iko. Connecting Iko's sampler to his 10 father's hi-fi, Dome was able to produce at the alarming rate of a hundred and fifty beats a week. Dome says, ‘I got into the circle of current hot properties from Soweto and I was able to assemble a host of artists for my first produc tion series, Domestic Violins'. 15 ‘I sold the album out of my backpack and with the money I made, I bought my studio,' says Dome.Dome continues to single-handedly direct the musical score of the South Western Townships. To a number of artists, his music has proved to be the key to massive airplay. To us, the DK patriot (holds/hold) the key to the 20 future of Soweto hip hop. [Adapted from: Hype Magazine] 2. 3. 4. 5. Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P1 10 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 4. 1 Choose the correct word from those in brackets. Write only your answer next to the question number (4. 1. 1 – 4. 1. 3) in the answer book. 4. 1. ‘Inspired by TKZEE, Dome (has started/started) his music career in Grade Ten as the production half of kwaito group, Rossmoda. ‘ (Lines 1 – 2) ‘(Here's/Heres) were I cut my teeth,' Dome says. (Lines 6 – 7) To us, the DK patriot (holds/hold) the key to the future of Soweto hip hop. à ¢â‚¬Ëœ (Lines 20 – 21) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) 4. 1. 2 4. 1. 3 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 4. 5 Explain why TKZEE, Rossmoda, Scribe and Skwatta Kamp are written in italics. The word ‘were' (line 6) has been used incorrectly. Replace it with the correct word. Give the correct spelling of the word ‘aford' in paragraph 2 (line 9).Provide the correct form of the word within brackets in the following sentence: Dome is a (success) artist in South Africa. (1) (1) 4. 6 4. 7 Provide a synonym (word similar in meaning) from the passage for the word ‘began'. Choose the correct word from within brackets. My dad thinks rap music is the (worse/worst) kind of music he has ever heard. (1) 4. 8 Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct preposition from the list given below. Write only the question number (4. 8. 1 – 4. 8. 2) and the answer. by; of; with; for 4. 8. 1 4. 8. 2 Dome was influenced †¦ Skwatta Kamp. I am a gread admirer †¦ Dome. (1) (1) 4. 9Ident ify the parts of speech of the underlined words in the following sentence: Dome said, ‘I sold the album out of my backpack. ‘ (1) 4. 10 Change the following statement to a question to which the underlined part would be the answer: Dome said that he was going to perform in Durban. (1) Copyright reserved English First Additional Language/P1 11 NSC DoE/Exemplar 2007 4. 11 Give the antonyms (words opposite in meaning) of the underlined words in the following sentence: Dome has sold many albums in this country. (1) 4. 12 Give the opposite gender of the underlined word in the following sentence: He met the manager of the studio. 1) 4. 13 Write down the plural form of the underlined word in the following sentence: Dome met a huge community of hip-hop artists. (1) 4. 14 Replace the underlined phrase with a single word: The award for the best hip-hop artist is presented once a year. (1) 4. 15 Fill in the missing word in the following sentence: I love Dome's music. He is my †¦ artist. (1) 4. 16 Rewrite the following sentence in reported speech: Dome said: ‘I sold the album out of my backpack. ‘ TOTAL SECTION C: GRAND TOTAL: 20 75 Copyright reserved Please turn over

Biological Pest Control Case Study – the cassava mealybug

The Cassava plant was brought to Africa from South America in the 16th century. The next four years the starchy thickened roots became the main source of food for millions of Africans, providing up to 70% of the recommended daily intake. The cassava plant is the habitat of the cassava mealybug and is damaged by the insect. The problem – The cassava mealybug- eating cassava plant- biological control of mealybug by using wasps. When the cassava plant was introduced to Africa most of its predators for example mites and plant diseases, were not also introduced therefore leaving the plant free of most of its predators but in the 1970’s a pest called the cassava mealybug was accidently introduced from Latin America(2) The pest is a rare insect but it quickly spread across the entire cassava plant growing area and due to the lack of natural predators within 10 years it became the most important pest insect on cassava causing a loss of up 80% of crop. The mealybug(5) shown on left hand side of text has damaged the cassava plants by sucking sap from roots, tender leaves; petioles and fruit form the plant. The severely infested leaves of the cassava plant will turn yellow (3) and gradually dry out a severe attack on the cassava plant can result in shredding of leaves. On the right is a picture (4) of a cassava plant which has been infested by the mealybug. Another problem with the mealybugs is that some will inject a toxic substance while feeding causing deformation of the cassava plant and therefore there was less food to be harvest. Although timing is not regular, depending on biological events and conditions such as area under cultivation and climatic factors, it seems that major new diseases or strains of cassava disease tend to appear every 7–10 years. Table below shows the disease problem in Arica. Biological methods/ processes- biological control of invasive species. Cassava mosaic and mealybug control programs were introduced in the 1970s (2) to combat these two problems, the decline in crop because of the mealybug eating the plant and further decline because of the spread of disease. The Institute of Biological Control (CIBC) based in Trinidad and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) researched into how the mealybug was kept under control in South America. They eventually found that a tiny wasp (smaller than the head of a pin) called the Leptomastix, which laid its eggs on the mealybug was keeping the mealy bugs under control therefore protecting the cassava plant. The picture on the right shows the small wasp on the mealybug larvae. You can read also Costco Case Study The picture on the left shows an infected cassava tuber dug from the field and sliced open. The wasps were able to control the cassava eating the cassava crops by the wasp laying eggs on the mealybug they grew on the mealybug, the wasp larvae then killing the mealybug this would have a huge effect on the population as seen in South America, of the mealybug and therefore restoring the natural balance. This could be the breakthrough that they were looking for and could control the mealybug. Meeting the challenge Tests were run on the wasp by the CABI Bioscience in the UK. There the mealybug was tested to see how highly specific they are to the cassava mealybug host because if they were not then they could also affect other insects in the continent and therefore would be too dangerous to introduce to the area. The results showed that the wasp was highly specific to the insect (mealybug) so were given the okay to be shipped to Africa so they then can be reared and then the distributed to other areas around Africa. This was a huge breakthrough as without this research it had the ability to cause huge damage on the environment and the economy because of further damage to other crops. Appropriateness.-Has been successful with the mealybug. The mealybug feeds on the cassava stem, petiole, and leaf near the growing point of the cassava plant. During feeding, the mealybug injects a toxin that causes leaf curling, slowing of shoot growth, and eventual leaf withering. This is the effect the cassava mealybug has on the plant resulting in a huge loss of crop due to infested plant crop. The yield loss in infested plants is estimated to be up to 60 percent of root and 100 percent of the leaves the root is the main source of food so this causes a huge problem for the crop yield. The results were a reduction in mealybug damage was seen in the first season following release in both the leaf and the root, and full control was typically achieved within 2–4 years (6) after and now after a decade (10 years) the cassava mealybug and the wasps lived in natural balance with the mealybug population down to a maximum of 10% of what they were 10 years ago at a peak of the infestation.(1) Now the cassava can grow with no or little dam age from the mealybug as the wasp has stopped the 60% root damage and the 100% of leaf destruction. Yield losses as reported by farmers are averaged at about 80% during the 1983 cassava mealybug outbreak but were reduced to 43% in 1979 pre infestation levels. (7) Implications Environmental- An environmental implication is that when the wasps are introduced to south America there was a risk that it could have a huge impact on the food chain as by taking away one organism or gaining one can have a knock on effect on others for example of the wasp was then hunted by a predator this could leave its normal pray to multiply therefore having an over population which in turn can then have knock on effects to their pray and so on and so on until extinction of a food source. Causing problems for South America in the economy and for the environment also. This environmental implication causes an imbalance of the natural balance of wildlife; this may have a knock on effect of the overall environmental surrounding and the effect on the human population. Economic For the farmers of Africa the economic impact has been useful and successful by increasing dramatically there yield percentage therefore increasing the money income. Every pound of investment in the mealybug project control work has returned between 200 and 500 pounds. These benefits to the environment from this environmental solution with no costs but a huge increase in crop harvest, obviously is a clear advantage economically to the farmers. By introducing the wasps there will be a series of tests that need to be run before can be realised for example testing the wasps to see if they were highly specific to the mealybug and whether they would cause destruction on other pests in the environment. The cost of setting up the project is costly especially as it is a longitudinal study so will have a large amount of money spent which will be spent over the years as has to be monitored over the years. Benefits to the humans There was a desperate need for something that could stop the crop destruction on the cassava plant and by finding the wasp that ate the mealybug which was destroying the crop made the crop loss decrease dramatically There was 80% of crop lost so with the help of the cassava mealybug project has gone down to 43 % (7) this a huge benefit for the locals economically it brings in more income for them and also more food, As is a large food source for the local people. The cassava plant is the third-largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropic area. The cassava is a major food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for around 500 million people. Cassava is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava. The cassava is a great source of carbohydrate for the people although it lacks in protein. Risks to the environment Although there is many reasons why there was a need for this biological control of the cassava mealybug, but there was also a huge risk of the environment being destroyed for example, if the wasp was not highly specific to the mealybug and caused a different crop to grow out of control this could also affect the natural balance of the environment resulting in and upset of the natural predators food source leading to disruption of habitat and extinction of some insects which will have a large effect on predators higher up the food chain. The wasp being introduced to the environment could have caused further damage on the environment destroying the local agriculture if it had effected another plant in the environment with could have caused further damage on the local economy and their food source. The food chain on the right shows how a small animal’s decrease of extinction would affect along the food chain resulting in effecting the highest food predator and can easily lead to extinction of this animal. Alternative solutions Pesticides can be used to control out breaks of mealybugs. It is not very easy to control, as the cassava mealybug is covered in hydrophobic wax which repels water-based insecticides therefore making it very difficult ton successfully irradiate the mealybug using this method of biological control. Also unless mealybugs are sprayed with the insecticide at certain times the treatment will not be effective. Firstly because mealybugs are protected from aqueous sprays by their wax coat and seek sheltered sites at certain points in which to feed, insecticides must be applied when mealybugs have least wax and are most exposed. This time is in early spring as the mealybugs will feed on the foliage and at this point the mealybugs are young and have not had enough time to produce the full thick layer of wax coating. And therefore this leaves the mealybug unprotected from the insecticide. There are also fewest leaves at this point so is harder for the, mealybug to hide from the insecticide resulting in a higher success rate. Insecticides applied after Christmas has limited effect, Once mealybugs have established there position on the plant (usually from mid-January onwards), they are virtually impossible to remove or control with insecticides at this stage therefore this means that there has to be a lot of research gone into discovering the perfect time to use the pesticide therefore costing a lot as is a longitudinal study and may vary from year to year. Genetic modification. Another possibility that is being looked into it genetic modification of plants, this was done by Dr Stanford. He was looking into crop improvement and saw the power of genetic selection and how there was limited changed possible using just selective breeding. He then became involved in plant genetic engineering research and showed that there were numerous genes which were potentially useful in crop plants but they were struggling to find a method for delivering these genes into the plant genome, there was no transformation technology(8) . Further research showed that shooting DNA into cells thereby penetrating cell walls and membranes. This was called the gene gun and it was able to transform early transgenic crops. This gene gun would be able to in theory change the genetic makeup of the cassava plant so that it could offer some sort of protection against predators. This would also have risks as you do not know how the modification will affect all of its predators and could therefo re have an effect on them so may cause harm in some way. Although there is less risk in destroying the natural environment as it is not causing other insects a problem. Conclusion In conclusion the biological control of the mealybug has had a huge effect and has caused the problem of the economy and environment to be resolved therefore keeping harmony between the organisms and the human population by keeping a natural balance between the small wasp and the mealybug.

The action of lipase Essays

The action of lipase Essays The action of lipase Essay The action of lipase Essay AIM: Lipases hydrolize fats into glycerol and fatty acids1, therefor to investigate how different amount (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3) of 3% lipase solutions break down the fat in 5 cm3 of milk.RESEARCH QUESTION: how fast can different amount (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3) of 3% lipase solutions break down the fat molecules in 5 cm3 of milk?INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: amount of 3% lipase solution (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3)DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the speed (measured in minutes) of hydrolizing fat moleculesCONTROLLED VARIANLE: concentration of lipase solution, amount of milk, amount and concentration of sodium carbonate solutionHYPOTHESES: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ lipase hydrolize fats into glycerol and fatty acid1 therefore as the amount of lipase is increased, the fat molecules will be hydrolized faster and fasterà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ boiled lipase will not break down fat molecules, because the enzymes denaturate on high temperatureMaterials: Equipments:-milk -test tu bes-0.05M sodium carbonate solution -test tube rack-phenolphthalein indicator -test tube holder-3% lipase solution -dropping pipette-graduated pipette-Bunsen burner-beaker-watchPROCEDURE:1. Using a graduated pipette, 5 cm3 of milk is placed in seven test tubes.2. 7 cm3 sodium carbonate solution is placed in each test tube.3. Using a dropping pipette phenolphthalein is add to each tube until the contests are bright pink. The test tubes are shaken well after adding each drop.4. In a spare tube about 15 mm 3 % lipase solution is placed and the liquid is heated over a Bunsen burner until it boils for a few seconds. The tube is cooled and 1 cm3 of boiled liquid is transported to test tube 1.5. With a graduate pipette 1 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 2.6. With a graduate pipette 2 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 3.7. With a graduate pipette 4 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 4.8. With a graduate pipette 8 cm3 unboiled lipase solu tion is placed in test tube 5.9. With a graduate pipette 12 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 6.10. With a graduate pipette 20 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 7.11. The test tubes is shaken to mix the contents.DATA COLLECTION:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Colour of the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution): whiteà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Colour of the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein): bright pinkà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To the seven test tubes 5 0.5 cm3 milk and 7 0.5 cm3 sodium carbonate solution was placed.Table 1. Observations of the action of lipaseTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1403no2354no4265no8116no1257no202Table 2. Observations of the action of lipase Student ATest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1493no2264no4155no876no1257no203Table 3. Observations of the action of lipase Student BTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1313no2194no4105no886no1257no203à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In each case the measurement of time started after placing the lipase solution, and shaking the test tube.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Regarding the scale of numbers (from 3 to 40 in average see Table 4.) it was uneccasary to measure the time with the accuracy of seconds.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In each case the test tube containig the unboiled lipase solution (tube 1) did not reach the stage of becoming white during the time of lab (about 90 min), this is denoted with a - sign.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The scaling of the graduated pipette was 1 cm3 therefor the accuracy might differ by 0.5 cm3 .DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION:Table 4. The action of lipase average time taken for the solution to become whiteTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Average time/ min half of the range1yes1-2no140.9 9.03no226.6 8.04no417.0 8.05no88.6 2.06no125.0 0.07no 202.6 0.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The average is reported with half of the range (instead of standard deviation), because of the small number of replicates. The samll number of replicates did not allow to leave out any of the obtained data. see conclusion and evaluation to see the possible way of avoiding this problem.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Graph 1. represents the data of Table 4. plotted on a graph. On the x axis the independent variable (amount of lipase) and on the y axis the dependent variable (the time taken for the solution to become white) can be seen. The best-fit line is drawn linear, going through the range boxes. If the x and the y values were of the same distance from the origo, then the best-fit line would be 45o.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Tube 1 boiled lipase is not plotted on the graph because it was the contol test, to make sure that the colour change does not happen anyway and that the role of the lipase is responsible for the colour change, since the enzymes denaturate in high temperature, change shap e, therefore do not work any more.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The horizontal error bars represent amount of lipase (cm3) 0.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The vertical error bars represent the average time (min) half of the range (in case oftube 2 2 cm3 the range was 0)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ No systematic error occured during this experiment, the random errors are discussed above graduating pipette, watchCONCLUSION AND EVALUATION:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The hypotheses were supportive, because as it can be seen on Graph 1, as the amount of lipase was increased, the solution changed colour faster and faster, in sciantifically speaking more and more lipid was broken down to glycerol and fatty acid. The boiled lipid did not change to colour of the solution no lipid was broken down.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In this experiment the time taken for the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein, lipase solution) to become white was tested. Phenolphthalein is and acid/base indicator. It starts to be bright pink because the carbonate ions i n the sodium carbonate give the overall pH to be alkaline. It is transparent in acid solution. When the lipase breaks down the fat molecules (lipids) into fatty acid and glycerol, the pH decreases into the acid range and the colour of the phenolphthalein fades. This allows the white colour of milk to come through.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The lipase in the controll test (tube 1) denaturated on high temperature, and could not function any more, so no fat molecule was broken down, therefore the pH of the solution did not change, and the colour of phenolphthalein did not indidcate the change of pH, and the white colour of milk could not come through. This is why it is dangerous for humans to have a raised temperature (fever), because the heat unables the enzymes to function, on which the human body is reliant. Lipase is used as biological washing powder (since it breaks down the fat molecules) but if it is put in hot wash, the fat does not come out of the clothes, because lipase denaturates.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ On Graph 1. it can be seen that the action of lopase is in inverse proportion to time.SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To calculate the average time taken for the solution to become white, more students data should be used.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The action of lipase could have been tested in another way as well: the test tubes should be observed at a certain time, and the dependent variable would be the ratio of pink and white in the test tube. It would show that as the amount of lipase is increased, the ratio of white will be greater and greater. For the contol test boiled lipase the ratio of pink and white would be 1:0. Although there are many source of error for this experiment, mainly measuring the ratio. I would suggest using ruler, but cause difficulties how to measure the u-shaped bottom of the test tubes.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Testing tube 1 and 2 the conclusion was that the enzyme lipase denaturates on high temperature. To go further, I would suggest an experiment to tes t at what temperature does enzyme lipase denaturate. For this, lipase on room temperature (about 21 Co) and heated lipase (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 Co) should be used. The independent variable: temperature of lipase, the dependent variable: time taken for the solution to become white, and the controlled variable: amount of solutions added, including lipase.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ I would suggest to use 1 drop of 1 M sodium hydroxide insted of sodium carbonate, because glycerol has three alcohol groups and each of these weakly dissociates to give acid character. The carbonate ions react in acid giving off CO2 and a froming a hydroxide after the hydrolysis of water molecules. These then neutralise the acid, so carbonate ions act like a buffer therefore the acid production cannot be registered as fast as it should be. Therefore 1 drop of1 M sodium hydroxide should be use, to avoid the buffer effect.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The random error of using graduated pipette cannot be avoided. Measuring the time could h ave been done with the accuracy of seconds, the reason for not doing so is discussed above in the data collection section.

African Americans and the Civil War Essay Example for Free (#2)

African Americans and the Civil War Essay African American (597) , African (466) , Civil War (178) , Martin Luther King (60) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? In the world we live in many people take a lot for granted. Just the small simple things people don’t really appreciate, being ungrateful for the things that have been given to them. Many people and different situations have paved the way for our generation to become much easier to live in. African Americans during the civil rights movement had to face a lot of trills in order to make the world a better place. Many people don’t appreciate that because they are unaware of just how much grief African Americans had to go though to create a path for the upcoming generation. African Americans faced many hardships during the civil rights movement, some of those hardships were segregation, voting rights, and assassination of prominent African American leaders. Segregation was such a big obstacle for African Americans because not only were they not allowed to go certain places it became bigger than that. Everything in African Americans lives were split in half. There were white only signs places all over there towns. White only signs for bathrooms, restaurants, and water fountains. Everything was separated between the two races blacks and whites. One event that really stuck out like a sore thumb was The Montgomery Bus Boycott. During, the time of segregation blacks were allowed to ride the buses, but many rules had to apply. Blacks had a black’s only section on the bus that could be moved in any location of the bus. That means that the blacks’ only sign could be moved in front of two rows on the bus if that’s what the bus driver wanted. Black riders had to pay their bus far on the front of the bus and get off to walk to the back of the bus to ride. Some bus drivers would allow the blacks to pay and when the step off the bus the bus driver would drive away and leave them. When blacks did receive a chance to ride on the bus, if a white person did not have a seat to sit in a black person had to give up their seat. The blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded. On December 1, 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks, an African American seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider take her seat. The plan to stop the whites from making the blacks move was the boycott. Blacks would no longer ride the buses anymore. That means that the bus companies were losing a lot of money. Blacks would walk to work or school and even carpool, but would not step foot on the buses. The boycott continued for over a year. Eventually, the United States Supreme Court put an end to the boycott. On November 13, 1956 the Court declared that Alabama’s state and local laws requiring segregation on buses were illegal. On December 20th federal injunctions were served on city and bus company officials forcing them to follow the Supreme Court’s ruling. African Americans had to face a lot just so that they could be treated as an equal on the bus. Segregation played a huge role in the school system. In public schools more so than any. That’s what stated the big flare Brown vs. Board of Education. The 1954 United States Supreme Court decision in Oliver L. Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka (KS) is among the most significant judicial turning points in the development of our country. Originally led by Charles H. Houston, and later Thurgood Marshall and a formidable legal team, it dismantled the legal basis for racial segregation in schools and other public facilities. Brown vs. Board of Education was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype other people by their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. Ending this behavior as a legal practice caused far reaching social and ideological implications, which continue to be felt throughout our country. The Brown decision inspired and galvanized human rights struggles across the country and around the world. The U. S. Supreme Court decision in Brown began a critical chapter in the maturation of our democracy. It reaffirmed the sovereign power of the people of the United States in the protection of their natural rights from arbitrary limits and restrictions imposed by state and local governments. These rights are recognized in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution. Brown was giving African Americans the opportunity to be accepted as an individual and not just as a race. Now, you would think that after the Brown vs. Board of Education whites would accept African Americans and treat them better. That was not the case and segregation did not stop there. Although, many people had hoped that it would it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to really make a change. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, and ended racial segregation in the United States. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. Once the Act was implemented, its effects were far-reaching on the country as a whole and had an immediate impact on the South. It prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment, invalidating the Jim Crow laws in the southern U. S. It became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring. After passage of the law, the NAACP was the only major civil rights organization to maintain a large membership in the South, where it concentrated on organizing the ongoing struggle for black civil rights. During 1965-75, the NAACP remained committed to using litigation to challenge racial injustice. African Americans had to fight hard to get what they deserved and it took a lot of patients and time to receive change but it finally happened. That is we segregation ended and Africans were free to sit, eat, talk, shop, and work anywhere they wanted. Being able to vote is a very important ordeal. Many people in this day and time take advantage of being able to voice their opinions. Not taking advantage of who we desire to have in office is a sign of being ungrateful. African Americans were not given that right years ago. African Americans had to fight just so that they could vote. That’s when the Voting Act of 1965 came in play. Before, this Act was enforced African Americans had to take a literacy tests and pay poll taxes. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 abolished literacy tests and poll taxes designed to disenfranchise African American voters, and gave the federal government the authority to take over voter registration in counties with a pattern of persistent discrimination. Echoing the language of the 15th Amendment, the Act prohibits states from imposing any â€Å"voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat, who had earlier signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. Being able to vote was an honor and so many people don’t even both to go vote during the elections today. African Americans fought for the right to vote without having to take tests or pay poll taxes and people still don’t go out to vote. That is taking voting rights for granted. Being an African American during the civil rights movement was a challenge, but being an African American woman was even difficult. That’s when the period of women’s suffrage played its role. Women’s Suffrage is the right of women to vote and to run for office. The expression is also used for the economic and political reform movement aimed at extending these rights to women and without any restrictions or qualifications such as property ownership, payment of tax, or marital status. Being a woman in this time period restricted of many rights. Women’s suffrage has been granted at various times in various countries throughout the world, and in many countries it was granted before universal suffrage. Without women’s suffrage women would still be restricted to make decisions and just be limited to being mothers and wives. The women’s suffrage broke that cycle. The best way to leave a positive mark on the world is being a leader. It takes a lot of heart, courage, and sacrifice, in becoming a great leader. Leaders are persons that people look up to. They depend on a leader to give them hope to carry on and a positive role model to look up to. There were not too many people that wanted to take the position of being a leader, but a few chose to step up to the plate. African Americans needed kind and encouraging words to help uplift them during the civil rights movement. Two great leaders Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Melcolm X took on a job to lead the world into a better place called freedom. The two leaders gave African Americans hope to continue on when they wanted to just give up. African Americans depended on these two prominent leaders to strengthen them. African Americans during the civil rights movement needed to relay on someone and those leaders were the perfect ones. No one would have ever been ready for what was expected to come. For years African American have been told what they could and couldn’t do. They have been talked about, abused, lied on, and have had everything taken from them. But, still they have stayed strong through it all. When all they had were two great prominent leaders and they were taken from them as well they still stayed strong. Two great prominent leaders were assonated. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He was best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. King was often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. King’s efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. There, he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. But, as people have said â€Å"all things must come to an end. † At 6:01 p. m. on April 4, 1968, a shot rang out. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who had been standing on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN, lay sprawled on the balcony’s floor. A gaping wound covered a large portion of his jaw and neck. A great man who had spent thirteen years of his life dedicating himself to nonviolent protest had been felled by a sniper’s bullet. African Americans and the Civil War. (2016, Dec 21).

Is The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum a feminist film If so,why Movie Review

Is The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum a feminist film If so,why - Movie Review Example A Nobel prize-winning writer, Bà ¶ll had composed an exposition scrutinizing the Bild-Zeitung (the generally circled every day tabloid that was the trade bovine in for spendable dough the yellow press realm of Axel Springer) for fanning mass craziness with its scope of the Baader-Meinhof group. The paper then marked Bà ¶ll a terrorist sympathizer, and he and his family were subjected to police provocation, hunts, and wiretaps. Bà ¶lls reaction was to compose The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum (subtitled "How Violence Can Arise and What It Can Lead To"), about a young lady whose life is crushed when the police associate her with harboring a terrorist (Taubin, 2003). As Katharina is dragged into cross examination and mortified by the police, its unimaginable not to consider this in light of all around archived treatment of ladies in the wake of sex outrages and assault allegations. These points and appeals highly stress the film’s feminist orientation. The specialists tear separated her loft, address her thought processes and history, and make intimations about her. They dont such a great amount of ask as interest, such a great amount of test as demand. She is blameworthy not until demonstrated pure, but rather essentially liable. As an inseparable unit with the states power goes the press, sensationalizing, lying, and talk mongering. This is an immediate analogy for the way ladies are slut-shamed, disgraced in private and open, and as the film advances, it weaves into it layer upon layer (Black, 2015). Some of political movies rise above their historical minute. Yet viewing Volker Schlà ¶ndorff and Margarethe von Trottas The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum today leads to the powerful experience. There is little contrast between this portrayal of West Germany in 1975, when the nervousness about terrorism disintegrated essential majority rule values, and what we are afraid of is going to happen — might undoubtedly be now happening —