The Great Irish Famine Was a Turning Point in History

The Great Irish Famine Was a Turning Point in History In the mid 1800s, the ruined and quickly developing provincial populace of Ireland had gotten absolutely reliant on one harvest. Just the potato could create enough food to continue families cultivating the little plots of land the Irish workers had been constrained onto by British landowners. The humble potato was a horticultural wonder, however marking the lives of a whole populace on it was immensely hazardous. Inconsistent potato crop disappointments had tormented Ireland during the 1700s and mid 1800s. In the mid-1840s, a curse brought about by an organism struck potato plants over the entirety of Ireland. The disappointment of basically the whole potato crop for quite a while prompted exceptional debacle. Both Ireland and America would be changed until the end of time. The Irish Potato Famine The Irish Potato Famine, which in Ireland got known as The Great Hunger, was a defining moment in Irish history. It changed Irish society everlastingly, most strikingly by extraordinarily diminishing the populace. In 1841, Irelands populace was in excess of 8,000,000. It has been assessed that at any rate one million kicked the bucket of starvation and ailment in the late 1840s, and at any rate another million moved during the starvation. Starvation solidified disdain toward the British who managed Ireland. Patriot developments in Ireland, which had consistently finished in disappointment, would now have an amazing new segment: thoughtful Irish settlers living in America. Logical Causes The herbal reason for the Great Famine was a destructive growth (Phytophthora infestans), spread by the breeze, that initially showed up on the leaves of potato plants in September and October of 1845. The infected plants wilted with stunning velocity. At the point when the potatoes were uncovered for reap, they were seen as decaying. Poor ranchers found the potatoes they could typically store and use as arrangements for a half year had turned unpalatable. Current potato ranchers splash plants to forestall scourge. Be that as it may, during the 1840s, the curse was not surely known, and unwarranted hypotheses spread as bits of gossip. Frenzy set in. The disappointment of the potato collect in 1845 was rehashed the next year, and again in 1847. Social Causes In the mid 1800s, an enormous piece of the Irish populace lived as devastated sharecroppers, by and large paying off debtors to British proprietors. The need to make due on little plots of leased land made the risky circumstance where immense quantities of individuals relied upon the potato crop for endurance. Students of history have since quite a while ago noticed that while Irish workers had to stay alive on potatoes, different harvests were being developed in Ireland, and food was traded for showcase in England and somewhere else. Meat cows brought up in Ireland were likewise traded for English tables. English Government Reaction The reaction of the British government to the cataclysm in Ireland has for some time been a focal point of debate. Government aid ventures were propelled, yet they were to a great extent insufficient. Increasingly present day observers have noticed that monetary tenet in 1840s Britain for the most part acknowledged that needy individuals will undoubtedly endure and government intercession was not justified. The issue of English culpability in the calamity in Ireland stood out as truly newsworthy during the 1990s, during celebrations denoting the 150th commemoration of the Great Famine. Englands then-Prime Minister Tony Blair communicated lament over Englands job during celebrations of the 150th commemoration of the starvation. The New York Times detailed at the time that Mr. Blair avoided making a full expression of remorse in the interest of his nation. Decimation It is difficult to decide exact quantities of the dead from starvation and ailment during the Potato Famine. Numerous casualties were covered in mass graves, their names unrecorded. It has been assessed that at any rate a large portion of a million Irish inhabitants were removed during the starvation years. In certain spots, especially in the west of Ireland, whole networks just stopped to exist. The occupants either passed on, were driven off the land, or decided to locate a superior life in America. Leaving Ireland Irish movement to America continued at a humble pace in the decades prior to the Great Famine. It has been evaluated that solitary 5,000 Irish settlers for every year showed up in the United States before 1830. The Great Famine expanded those numbers cosmically. Recorded appearances during the starvation years are well over a large portion of a million. It is expected that a lot more showed up undocumented, maybe via landing first in Canada and strolling into the United States. By 1850, the number of inhabitants in New York City was supposed to be 26 percent Irish. An article named Ireland in America in the New York Times on April 2, 1852, related the proceeding with appearances: On Sunday last 3,000 migrants showed up at this port. On Monday there were more than 2,000. On Tuesday more than 5,000 showed up. On Wednesday the number was more than 2,000. Along these lines in four days twelve thousand people were arrived just because upon American shores. A populace more prominent than that of probably the biggest and most prospering towns of this State was in this manner added to the City of New York inside ninety-six hours. Irish in a New World The surge of Irish into the United States had a significant impact, particularly in urban focuses where the Irish applied political impact and engaged in metropolitan government, most outstandingly in the police and local groups of fire-fighters. In the Civil War, whole regiments were made out of Irish soldiers, for example, those of New Yorks popular Irish Brigade. In 1858, the Irish people group in New York City had exhibited that it was in America to remain. Driven by a politically incredible outsider, Archbishop John Hughes, the Irish started constructing the biggest church in New York City. They called it St. Patricks Cathedral, and it would supplant a humble house of prayer, additionally named for Irelands benefactor holy person, in lower Manhattan. Development was stopped during the Civil War, however the gigantic house of prayer was at long last completed in 1878. Thirty years after the Great Famine, the twin towers of St. Patricks commanded the horizon of New York City. Also, on the docks of lower Manhattan, the Irish continued showing up. Source Ireland in America. The New York TImes, April 2, 1852. Lyall, Sarah. Past as Prologue: Blair Faults Britain in Irish Potato Blight. The New York Times, June 3, 1997.

Cyber Bullying It Is Real And It Really Hurts Essay Example For Students

Digital Bullying : It Is Real And It Really Hurts Essay Digital harassing: It is Real and it Really Hurts What precisely is digital tormenting? â€Å"Cyber harassing is the point at which a kid, preteen, or teenager is tormented, undermined, bothered, mortified, humiliated or in any case focused by another kid, preteen or youngster utilizing the web, intelligent and advanced advances or versatile phones† (â€Å"What†). There are many driving variables that may make youngsters and teenagers go to digital harassing. Cyberbullying can cause extreme enthusiastic medical problems. There are numerous critical signs to search for when attempting to distinguish a survivor of digital tormenting. Individuals are ceaselessly looking for answers for stop digital harassing. Digital tormenting may appear nothing since there is no physical contact, yet as a general rule it can sting significantly more than the real thing. Throughout recent years researcher have been attempting to locate the main source of digital tormenting. Outrage, retribution, or dissatisfaction frequently spurs individuals to digital domineering jerk (â€Å"Why†). Many flourish off the response that they get from digital harassing somebody. â€Å"The eager for power do it to torment others and for their ego† (â€Å"Why†). Geeks or the socially cumbersome are the primary focuses of digital harassers. Digital harassing perhaps an approach to search out retribution. There is an inclination for certain children who are survivors of provocation to figure out how to strike back. By digital tormenting others, they feel a positive feeling from what they encountered. Digital tormenting frequently spins around a person’s societal position at school. Somebody may digital harasser another who exceeds expectations scholastically on the grounds that, they are desirous of the other individual unrivaled mind. A young lady may digital domineering jerk another young lady just over a person that the two of them like. Children, who are exhausted and looking for amusement, will once in a while resort to digital tormenting, to flavor thi. .tion since they fear getting their web benefits removed (Cowie). In the event that guardians make sense of that their kids are being digital harassed, they should converse with them about what is happening and attempt to make sense of an approach to stop it. Nobody realizes how to determine a circumstance without understanding it completely first. The best activity is help fortify up their fearlessness with the goal that they can work through the circumstance. Despite the fact that digital tormenting includes no physical get in touch with, it can influence individuals significantly more than the conventional type of harassing. Numerous components assume a job in driving kids and young people to digital domineering jerk. The youngster or adolescent’s psychological wellness can be in grave peril in light of digital tormenting. Knowing the admonition indications of somebody being digital harassed is significant, with the goal that it tends to be halted. The hunt to stop digital tormenting is endless.

SIPA Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I like to try to be as transparent as possible concerning admissions and financial aid at SIPA I am not a cloak and dagger type of guy.   I like two button sport coats, bright ties, and sneakers . . . but this is not about my fashion sense. I know that paying for school is a big issue, both from a personal and professional standpoint.   Personally, I attended graduate school and borrowed a substantial amount of money to do so.   Professionally, it is almost impossible to talk with a prospective student and not have the topic of the cost of education come up.   In order to provide some additional insight into the situation at SIPA I thought I would post some basic information about fellowships.   There are a lot of words in this entry and no pictures, so hang in there and read carefully and I think you will find the information valuable. First I will note that we are not able to give out near the amount of money we would like to give to first year students.   Each year we award approximately 10% of incoming students funding and the average award is around $15,000.   Below are two examples of common emails we receive after admission decisions have been sent out: I am very happy to have been admitted to SIPA, however is there any way that the admissions committee can reconsider me for fellowship funding (or increase an award I have been given)? I have been admitted to SIPA and to another school and the other school is offering me funding.   Can SIPA match the funding provided by the other school? The SIPA Admissions Committee actually spends twice the amount of fellowship money we have.   Why do we do this?   Because history shows that not everyone we award funding to will attend.   Thus we greatly overspend which means that if an applicant declines their award, we cannot simply shift that money to another applicant. Regarding the second question, each school has a different committee, different applicant pool, and different budget.   In my Apples and Oranges entry a while back I talked about how comparing an offer from one school to another may seem like a logical thing to do, but the comparison is fraught with complications and variables.   And as stated above, as much as we are excited about having you come, we simply cannot base our decision on the capability of another school to provide funding. So what about the second year?   I am happy to say that the majority of second year students at SIPA that are qualified to apply for fellowship do receive funding.   So how do you qualify?   In order to apply for second year funding at SIPA a first year student must have a 3.2 GPA at the end of the first semester.   If you meet the GPA requirement, you will submit an application to the Office of Student Affairs at SIPA in March of your first year.   Roughly 70% of those who apply are awarded funding and the average award is around $20,000. Second year students who are awarded fellowship funds typically have some sort of work requirement associated with the fellowship.   This can include working for a professor or in administrative department such as admissions, career services, or institutional technology. This is a good time to put in a plug for our summer math tutorial.   Since second year funding is so dependent on academic performance, it behooves you to do all that you can to make sure you do well in the first semester   a semester in which you will be taking a heavy dose of core requirements which are quantitatively heavy.   In May admitted applicants who have chosen to enroll will be sent instructions on how to participate in an on-line summer math tutorial. I cannot recommend highly enough that applicants who plan on enrolling participate in the summer math tutorial.   Even if you took many quantitatively oriented classes in the past, it would do you well to knock off a little bit of rust.   Again I can speak from personal experience.   I started my graduate program when I was 28 and boy was it a shock to my system when the syllabus of the first class hit my desk. And for those who might not have completed an economics sequence, high level math class, or a statistics class, taking a summer class from a college near you is a great idea.   Courses might include microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics, linear algebra, precalculus, or calculus. I hope this gives you a bit of insight into the process at SIPA and please click here to explore information related to cost of attendance at SIPA.   The financial aid staff in my office are working fast and furious and will be sending out financial aid letters with more information.   We try to send out an estimated award letter shortly after the admission offer is made to give you an idea of what aid you might be eligible to receive, but it does take us some time to give specifics regarding government and private aid you may be eligible to receive in an official award letter.   Thank you in advance for your patience.

Night Essay - 926 Words

Night nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The book Night, by Elie Wiesel, is an autobiography about his experiences during the Holocaust. The story takes place in the 1940’s. The main characters are Elie and his father. Other characters are Elie’s mother and sister. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the beginning of the book, trouble is starting around the town in which Elie lived. Eventually German soldiers come into his town. At first, they did not seem so bad. The Kahn’s, a family who lived across the street from Elie, were housing a German soldier. The Kahn’s said that the German was quiet, but polite. As time went on, the Germans forced all Jews to live in ghettos. This hardship was easier for the Wiesel’s because their house was†¦show more content†¦Since they had no real jobs, what they mainly did was sleep. Elie and his father stayed in Auschwitz for three weeks. At the end of three weeks, the person in charge of their barracks was executed for being too humane. Elie, his father, and many other Jews were forced to go to a new concentration camp. Their destination was a camp called Buna. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the Jews arrived in Buna the camp looked like â€Å"it had suffered an epidemic†. The camp looked empty and dead. Elie’s job here was to count bolts, bulbs, and fix small electrical lighting fixtures in a room where German soldiers ate and listened to music performed by Jewish musicians. Elie was beaten after witnessing the rape of a young Jewish girl by the leader of Elie’s barracks. There were occasional air raids during Elie’s stay in this camp. The prisoners believed that the Germans were losing ground against the Americans. Soon, there were rumors going around that the Red Army was advancing on Buna, and it would only be a matter of hours before the army liberated the camp. The following morning, the SS evacuated Buna. The Jews were forced to run in the snow for forty-two miles. If someone stopped he would be shot. After forty-two miles of running they were able to rest. Elie and his father went into a factory and sat down for a little while. After an hour, the SS officers forced them to get up and continue onShow MoreRelatedShadow of the Night619 Words   |  3 PagesShadow of the Night On a freezing, dark blue night of Li, in the Village of Li-Marta. This was an old little village, the houses were nothing but ash and rubble except an old abandoned barn. The barn had creaking floor boards and a rotten wooden roof. In this abandoned barn there lived a young and confident farm boy; his clothes were ragged and full of holes. The young boy was called Rye named after the agricultural god Ren-Rye. As Rye was sitting on the creaking floor boards a thought hit himRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel904 Words   |  4 PagesIn Night by Elie Wiesel, the author reflects on his own experience of being separated from his family and eventually his own religion. This separation was not by any means voluntary, they were forced apart during the Holocaust. Wiesel was a Jew when the invasion of Hungary occurred and the Germans ripped members of his religion away from their home in Sighet. A once peaceful community where Wiesel learned to love the Kabbalah was now home to only dust and lost memories. Most members of that JewishRead MoreNight, By Eliezer Wiesel1585 Words   |  7 Pages There are many important themes and overtones to the book Night, by Eliezer Wiesel. One of the major themes from the book includes the protagonist, and author of his memoire, Elie Wiesel’s ever changing relationship with God. An example of this is when Moche the Beadle asked Elie an important question t hat would change his life forever, as the basis of his passion and aptitude for studying the ancient texts and teachings of Judaism, â€Å"When Moche the Beadle asked Elie why he prayed, Elie couldn tRead MoreNight Market Marketing Essay833 Words   |  4 Pages Preparing for Night Market Success Its funny how some night markets transform almost magically into something romantic even. Is it because of the moon, the lighting, the food, the music or the people? I believe its all of those features that make a momentous night at the market. In light of this, we believe market booths have the ability to return higher profits after dark. Therefore, we have come up with several key ideas to prepare your market stall for night success. Most vendors relyRead MoreStarry Night971 Words   |  4 PagesStarry Night is a beautiful painting, representational in the type of art. The size of the painting is 29 in. by 36  ¼ in., and oil on canvas were the materials used. Van Gogh is using an expressive quality and an emotionalism viewpoint. On the left side of the painting, there is a group of black lines that curve in waves upward, coming to a point. To the lower right, there is a small town that leads up to hills and then mountains. The painting is set at night, and the sky is a wondrous swirl of burstingRead MoreThe Night Sky - Original Writing926 Words   |  4 PagesIt was a dark and stormy night, the wind blows as the ghostly moonlight filled the darkness. George the highwayman made his way toward Bess the innkeeper’s daughter. She was gazing out the window when the two of their eyes met. Hers, black as the night sky, and a dark red love knot placed on her hair. A red dress made of the fabric silk. Her h air was a dark brown, but could have been mistaken as black. Her outfit fit her personality as much as it did the highwayman. I hope he loves poetry.Read MoreSummary Of Night By Eli Wiesel1561 Words   |  7 PagesNight by Eli Wiesel Amrinder Bhuller P.2 Author: The author of Night is Elie Wiesel. In my opinion, he did a very good job in writing this story! Eli was born on September 30, 1928. Eli is currently 86 and has written a lot of books. Eli had served as a prisoner Auschwitz and other concentration camps. He wrote all his experiences in this book. The Night talks about his experiences in these concentration camps and all he went through. Everything is probably historically correct because he wentRead MoreThe s Night - Original Writing1526 Words   |  7 PagesEverything that happened in Elie Wiesel’s night. I will see, smell, and feel the holocaust through the eyes of Wiesel. â€Å"Alright, uh, Yavin. Nice name. I’m Mr. Hiraku. Are you ready?† the teacher asked, looking down at his chart for my name. â€Å"Yes sir.† I answered, a bit shakily. I had used VR before for video games, but never for something so important. â€Å"Alright. I’m going to read you off some side effects involved with this experience. ‘While participating in the Night VR experience software, you may encounterRead MoreNight, Hope, By Elie Wiesel1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthey grabbed onto it as tightly as they could. Throughout Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night, hope is a recurring theme. Elie and the people he was around were living in the darkest of conditions, but they still were able to shine a bright light on their situation. They remained hopeful, and this inspired the world. Putting all of this together, it is evident that the theme of hope was demonstrated throughout the book Night because Elie and the Jewish people tried to remain hopeful as they were forced intoRead MoreNight Time Tour951 Words   |  4 Pagesonce more at the sea where the sunset splattered colors of red and orange on the rough surface of blue and violet. Although the boardwalk was lively with smells of French fries and the cries of s eagulls, I nuzzled into the car seat and waited for the Night Time Tour to begin. I absolutely loved long car rides; it was the perfect excuse to let idle thoughts roam and to isolate myself from the world. I only observed the outside through the window of the family van, my personal theater. The images that

A Place Called Chiapas - 899 Words

As a viewer, the documentary’s intention to inform is more completely fulfilled by research conducted beyond the scope of the camera lens. Had I never written this paper, for instance, the reason for all the violence embedded within the subject matter would remain as enigmatic as the documentary itself. On the other hand, it’s possible that by contextualizing the pieces of the story in absence of an interconnected puzzle, the documentary forces viewer’s to think for themselves. If the Nettie Wild’s interests were more vested in raising awareness than delivering objective information, this documentary successfully satisfies its purpose. Her travelogues compel me to expand my perspective and develop my opinions on the matter under the†¦show more content†¦People around the globe are able to reach out to one another, and yet somehow we’ve become less charitable. Currently, it is much easier to post a status on Facebook, for instance, about ending poverty or world hunger than it is to actually do something about it. Behind the faà §ade of our online profiles, we’ve effectively limited our good nature to a wave of positive reviews (or â€Å"likes,† in the case of Facebook) instead of positive change. We’ve enabled ourselves to ra ise our self-esteem without the actionable change to justify it. I commend Nettie Wild for the profound meaning she finds in her work. Her tenacity is lost on most people. While filming â€Å"A Place Called Chiapas,† Wild â€Å"began to realize that [her] camera was framing the gap between reality and rhetoric.† She breaks the boundaries of my previous analysis and bridges the disconnect between media talk and the reality of being in Chiapas during this revolutionary time period. So, while the start of this documentary may seem ineffective to a film critic, her images speak for themselves. Furthermore, once Nettie Wild scores a rare on-camera interview with Subcomandante Marcos, who neither confirms nor denies his identity, but has been identified by the Mexican government as Rafael Guillà ©n, the imagery begins to subside and the substance of the documentary begins to take over. For me, the singular theme of this substance lies at theShow MoreRelatedPositive Impact Of Globalization762 Words   |  4 Pagesalike†(Strayer and Nelson 1032). Globalization divided Mexico, with the northern half becoming significantly more prospersous than the southern half, which was primarily rural agriculture. In 1994, tensions boiled over to what was called the Chiapas Rebellion. The Chiapas rebellion was an anti-globaliztion uprising among the farmers, and local people. â€Å"Its leader, known as Subcomandante Marcos, referred to globalization as a â€Å"process to eliminate that multitude of people who are not useful to theRead MoreCivil Aspects Of The Indigenous Communities1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe Indigenous people throughout Mexico have had a tumultuous history filled with violence and repression. Their rich cultures have repeatedly been infringed upon by outside cultures, and their place in the world remains uncertain to this day. This battle to retain their culture began centuries ago, and envelopes all different types of Indigenous groups, from the old Aztecs to the Zapotecs. Their society was and remains to be very d ifferent from popular culture in Mexico and Spain during the timesRead More The Struggle of EZNL In Modern Mexico Essay4460 Words   |  18 Pagesof EZNL In Modern Mexico Introduction In so few words, the Zapatistas are a people united in the struggle for the rights and dignity of the indigenous people of Mexico. They are a group composed of the natives to the land of the state of Chiapas, the southernmost and poorest state in Mexico, which primarily consists of the tribes of the Mayan peoples. The conditions that these indigenous people live in are a testament to the injustices caused by the spread of colonialism and capitalism andRead MoreHistory And Background Of Mexican Food History Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pages1810.and when Mexicans started fights and won their independence in 1821. In 1821 t0 1877 , there are two emperors and many other presidents are appointed to form a new government and also they lost Mexico in the war with U.S in 1846-1848 and the place which lost now the area is California, Nevada, and Utah .most of the new Mexico parts are under the Guadalupe Hidalgo. With 1855, the actual Indian native patriot Benito Juarez began several reforms, such as disestablishment on the Catholic CathedralRead More The Toltec, Aztec, and Mayan Indian Tribes Essay598 Words   |  3 Pagesreligion that affected every part of their lives. To worship the Aztecs built towering temples, created huge sculptures, and had human sacrifices. The center of Aztec civilization was a river valley in Mexico. The emperor of the Aztecs was called the huey tlatoani (great speaker). A council of high-ranking no bles chose him from the members of a royal family. The Aztec society had four main classes nobles, commoners, serfs, and slaves. The typical Aztec household consisted of a husbandRead MoreCoffee and Starbucks2488 Words   |  10 Pagescitizens of those countries. (Austin Reavis, 2004) Working with CI on the Chiapas Project, dedicated to working with coffee farmers to stop the destruction of rain-forests by farming and to promote shade-grown coffee which is sustainable, Starbucks has learned that it needs a clearer policy with regards to partnering with other NGOs in the future. Several challenges arose when Starbucks was working with CI on the Chiapas Project, and they both learned valuable lessons. Starbucks needs to considerRead MoreAnalysis of Capital, inequality and injustice in Latin America, by Richard L. Harris817 Words   |  4 Pagesglobalizing have aggravated the most chronic problems of the Latin American region(1). Harris then explains that these problems are also included in economic exploitation, social and economic inequality, and social and political injustice that has taken place since the indigenous people were forced to adapt the culture of the west in the sixteenth century. The origination of westernization began from Columbuss voyage to the Americas. With the settling of slaves, animals and western ideas, Latin AmericaRead More Religion in the World Today Essay5782 Words   |  24 PagesStates within the last century, women have been denied the right to vote. Minorities, such as African Americans, were denied equal treatment. Blacks were legally obligated to separate themselves from places that were considered â€Å"white only.† Certain schools, restaurants, and other public places, were the locations for the cause of embarrassment and social inferiority. This discrimination and denial of inalienable rights, however, has not historically happened only in the United States. 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By looking at the map it can seem that is a very plain field. this district is on the coast so that make it very popular for tourist. Today, Veracruz is a very important state of Mexico; it supplies 35% of Mexico’s water. Xalapa is

Visual Arts Free Essays

â€Å"Artist often refer or reference that which was gone before† Discuss the statement using the Renaissance artists and their interest in Classical and Hellenistic Greek concepts. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. â€Å"Renaissance† means â€Å"re-birth† and refers to the re-birth of classical styles of learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Visual Arts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also the Renaissance period considered education particularly in the arts, like philosophy, architecture and the visual arts – in general ways of viewing the world as it truly was rather than as â€Å"The Church† dictated. The Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art continued to inspire many generations of European artists. Looking further into the 19th century, the Classical traditions derived from the Classical and Hellenistic Greek periods have continued to dominate the art of the western world. The Classical period saw changes in the style and functions of sculpture. The poses become more naturalistic and the technical skill of these Greek sculptors increased. They were able to depict the human form in a variety of poses which were life like and real. From about 500 BC, the statues began to depict real people. E. g. the statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton   displayed in Athens to mark the overthrow of the  tyranny  were said to be the first public monuments to actual people. The difficultly in creating an aesthetically real person and technical challenge stimulated much in the way of sculptural innovation during the Classical and Hellenistic Greek periods of history. Unfortunately, for us today, these works survive only in fragments, The Most famous examples surviving today are The  Parthenon Marbles†, half of which are in the  British Museum in England. In the Classical period there were many different sculptors who produced many lives like realistic works. Some of these artists or artisans include: Phidias which oversaw the design and building of the Parthenon. Praxiteles, another great Classical sculptor made the female nude respectable for the first time. This was in the later part of the Classical period in the mid-4th century BC. But the greatest works of the Classical period are considered to be the statue of Zeus at Olympia and the statue of Athena at the Parthenos. The whole point of the Renaissance is that Europeans particularly the Italians to begin with, were looking to the Classical and Hellenistic Greek teachings and giving re-birth to their explorations. Renaissance artisans were looking back to a time of great knowledge, innovation and development. They reinvestigated the human form and true human proportion. Michelangelo produced a 5m tall â€Å"David† from a solid block of white marble. His work based on the biblical David from the Goliath story is truly amazing because of its considerable consideration of the audience perspective, its accurate proportion from this vantage point and the life like stance. David† was actually based on the Classical sculptures that depicted the Greek Adonis or beautiful male athlete of the original Olympic Games. The transition from the Classical to the Hellenistic periods occurred during the 4th century BC. Following the conquests of Alexander the Great, Here Greek art became more diverse and influenced by other cultures of people who were drawn into the Greek orbit. And in the view of some art historia ns, it also declined in quality and originality. Many of the sculptures previously considered as Classical masterpieces turned out to be of the later Hellenistic age. The technical ability of the Hellenistic sculptor was clearly in evidence in such major works as the â€Å"Winged victory of Samothrace† and the â€Å"Pergamon Altar†. During this period, sculpture became more and more naturalistic. Common people, women, children, animals and domestic scenes became acceptable subjects for sculpture, which was commissioned by wealthy families for the adornment of their homes and gardens. These sculptors no longer felt obliged to depict people as ideals of beauty or physical perfection. Hellenistic sculpture was also marked by an increase in scale, which culminated in the â€Å"Colossus of Rhodes† which was made during the late 3rd Century BC. People of the Renaissance were exploratory and innovative. To explore and invent the Renaissance people looked back to the knowledge, ideas and skills of the Classical Greeks and Hellenistic periods. Of course, the Renaissance developed into its own style because it was an interpretation of classical learning more than anything. Renaissance artists, writers and learners looked back to the Greeks for information and inspiration. Many artworks of the time feature Greek deities and so on, even though people stopped believing in the long before. An example of this could be Botticelli’s Venus. Here although to us the scene is mythical Venus is again perfectly proportioned like Michelongelo’s â€Å"David†. Venus also has the same contrapposto stance which was originally developed during the Classical Greek period. This method of posing the subject gave the subject life because it illustrated a three dimensional idea which meant the subject looked like they were alive and moving through real space. As has been illustrated Renaissance artists were definitely influenced by â€Å"that which had gone before†. They used â€Å"the Golden Mean† rules for human proportion, they used imagery from Greek legends and they revisited the contrapposto stance to give their subjects life. It is impossible for any artist of any period not to be influenced by that which has gone before because society is always looking back to improve the future. An artist’s practice cannot avoid being influenced by â€Å"that which has gone before†. Rather than a period with definitive beginnings and endings and consistent content in between, the Renaissance can be seen as a movement of practices and ideas to which specific groups and identifiable persons variously responded in different times and places. They are influenced genuinely by the classical and Hellenistic part of Greek art. Shown through the artist of the renaissance, example Michelangelo which produced a 5m David. This would be in this network of diverse, sometimes converging, sometimes conflicting cultures that the Renaissance changed our imagination and our view of how we see our world for all time. How to cite Visual Arts, Essay examples

Martin Scorsese Essays - English-language Films, Martin Scorsese

Martin Scorsese Martin Scorsese. Movie critic, Roger Ebert, has called him a directing god. He has been called the most influential and best director of their time by fellow director, George Lucas. Director Martin Scorsese has been an influential director for the past twenty years. In the 60s class of directors that included, Francis Ford Coppola, George Lucas, Brian De Palma, and Steven Spielberg. Scorsese ranks with this class of artists, and his movies have changed the film industry of America (Friedman I). The impact of Scorsese can be shown in a number of ways, such as his style of directing, the films that he has made, and also the relationships that he has made in the film industry. The first is his directorial skills, which are second to none. Scorsese doesnt just set up the scene, he paints images and feelings into our minds by using camera shots that have become his trademark in the film institution. Another reason for his great success is the films that he directs and the actors he uses. He also has picked certain actors (notable Robert DeNiro) to portray his characters (Kelly 25). In the ruthless business of Hollywood, Scorsese has built loyalties to actor, screen writes and editors whom he uses in many of his films (Kelly 26). Martin Scorsese was born on November 17, 1942 in the East Side of Queens, New York, in an area called Little Italy. Little Italy consisted of about ten blocks, but as Scorsese talks about it, each block had there own boundaries where everyone stayed. He grew up on Elizabeth Street, and he spent much of his time in the movie theater (Scorsese 17). As he was growing up, he had strong Catholic roots in his Italian heritage that would later influence such films as Mean Streets, Goodfellas, etc (Scorsese 18). Growing up, Scorsese was not thinking of becoming a director, but rather a priest. In fact, he went to college to become a priest. He ended up dropping out his first semester, and then attending New York University film school. At NYU, he made several student films that received praise from the school. One short film called Whos That Knocking at My Door starred a young Harvey Keitel. Scorsese financed and made this film entirely by himself. He went on to making documentaries, and then was hired by producer Roger Corman and directed a low budget film, Boxcar Bertha. This opened the door to Hollywood productions (Friedman 31). In 1973, he made his first New York set film, Mean Streets which was a powerful portrayal of life in Little Italy. This film showed the talent he possessed as well as started a relationship with actor Robert DeNiro who would star in eight more Scorsese films (Friedman 47). Scorseses next film was Alice Doesnt Live Here Anymore in 1975 which was a big popular success. The following year, he made one of his best films, Taxi Driver, a disturbing story of a loner cab driver who goes on a mission to clean up the streets. The film received worldwide recognition, and Scorsese moved into a place as an elite director (Friedman 59). Scorsese moved on and made the musical New York, New York that was a tribute to the 40s and 50s musicals that Scorsese grew up enjoying. Scorseses next work was a documentary The Last Waltz in 1978 that is considered to be the best concert movie ever made (Friedman 63). After changing pace, Scorsese returned to his roots, and directed one of his greatest works, Raging Bull. Which is a story of boxier Jake LaMotta portrayed by Robert DeNiro. Scorsese received a nomination for best director, and DeNiro playing the part of a lifetime won the Oscar for best actor. DeNiro gained sixty pounds to fit LaMotta in his older days. The film today still ranks as one of the best ever. It is ranks in the top twenty-five films on the American Film Institutions list of the one hundred best movies of all time (Kellman 108). Scorsese then moved on to comedies with The King Of Comedy, and After Hours. These films didnt do as well nationally. He moved back into drama films with The Color of Money, and moved back